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Solanum pseudocapsicum

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Solanales Family: Solanaceae Genus: Solanum

Jerusalem cherry, Madeira cherry, winter cherry

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect shrubs up to 1.5 m tall, unarmed, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple or dendritic hairs on young growth, later glabrate.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic to lanceolate, often 5–8 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide. Apex acute to acuminate. Base cuneate and somewhat decurrent to petiole. Surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple or dendritic hairs on young growth, later glabrate. Margins entire, often undulate. Petioles 5–12 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary or few on short common peduncles 5–10 mm long, often leaf–opposed. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, self-compatible; pedicels ca. 1 cm long. Calyx tubular, 2–3 mm long, the lobes long–triangular, 2–3 mm long. Corolla white, rotate–stellate, ca. 1 cm long. Stamens inserted near base of corolla tube; filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm long, opening by apical slits. Ovary superior, globose; style 1, erect, exceeding anthers; stigma terminal.

Fruit: Berries 1–2 developing per cyme; bright orangish red; succulent; globose; erect on pedicels; 1–1.5 cm in diameter; calyx somewhat enlarged.

Ploidy: 2n = 24

Habitat: Disturbed sites in mesic forest; grassy pastures; along seasonal streams; and in open or shaded woods.

Elevation Range: 600–1,200 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (52)

Pseudocapsicum undulatum Moench (1794)
Solanum capsicastrum Link ex Schauer (1833)
Solanum capsicastrum var. caaguazuense Chodat (1916)
Solanum capsicastrum variegatum J.Veitch f. (1863)
Solanum compactum Anon. (1872)
Solanum diffusum Link ex Roem. & Schult. (1819)
Solanum diflorum Vell. (1829)
Solanum diflorum var. angustifolium Kuntze (1898)
Solanum diflorum var. hygrophilum Kuntze (1898)
Solanum diflorum var. pulverulentum Chodat (1902)
Solanum diphyllum Forssk. (1775)
Solanum diphyllum var. pulverulentum Chodat (1902)
Solanum dunnianum H.Lév. (1911)
Solanum eremanthum Dunal (1852)
Solanum hendersonii Neubert (1877)
Solanum hermannioides Schinz (1911)
Solanum hyemale Salisb. (1796)
Solanum hygrophilum Schltdl. (1833)
Solanum ipecachuana Chodat (1916)
Solanum ipecachuana var. calvescens Chodat (1916)
Solanum ipecachuana var. obovata Chodat (1916)
Solanum ipecacuanha Chodat (1916)
Solanum ipecacuanha var. calvescens Chodat (1916)
Solanum ipecacuanha var. obovata Chodat (1916)
Solanum jaliscanum Greenm. (1899)
Solanum karstenii Dunal (1852)
Solanum linkianum Roem. & Schult. (1819)
Solanum mexiae Standl. (1929)
Solanum microcarpum (Pers.) Vahl (1791)
Solanum montevidense Spreng. (1824)
Solanum plurifurcipilum Bitter (1912)
Solanum pseudocapsicum f. calvescens Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum f. microcarpum (Pers.) Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum f. pilosulum Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum f. pilulosum Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum pilosum Kuntze (1898)
Solanum pseudocapsicum subsp. diflorum (Vell.) Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. ambiguum Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. diflorum (Vell.) Bitter (1917)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. hygrophilum Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. lancifolium Moench (1802)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. luteum Poir. (1797)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. microcarpum Pers. (1805)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. normale Kuntze (1898)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. parvifolium Kuntze (1898)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. sendtnerianum Hassl. (1918)
Solanum pseudocapsicum var. typicum Hassl. (1918)
Solanum singuliflorum Steud. (1841)
Solanum tucumanense Griseb. (1879)
Solanum ulmoides Dunal (1852)
Solanum uniflorum Vell. (1829)
Solanum validum Rusby (1895)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 184 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1274 (O, Mo, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:536 (KEY), 538 (DESCR); Forbes 1091.O BISH (O†, 1909)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kauluwai, gulches below Cookes Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6200 Molokai BISH 1910-03-26
2 Solanum pseudocapsicum East Maui, Makawao District, Makawao F.R. Dry montane forest UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Maui HAPI 1/20/1998
3 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kauluwai, gulches below Cookes Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6200 Molokai BISH 1910-03-26
4 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kawela, Kamakou Preserve, Kakakawawai Spring Gulch Growing on trail in mesic forest UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International H. Oppenheimer Molokai HAPI 10/15/2000
5 Solanum pseudocapsicum Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1091 Oahu BISH 1909-02-05
6 Solanum pseudocapsicum unknown Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. BISH 1934-06-01
7 Solanum pseudocapsicum East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 862 Maui BISH 1909-08-01
8 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 60 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-08
9 Solanum pseudocapsicum North, Puuwaawaa; along Puuwaawaa pipe line, between water tanks 1-3 Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 111.5 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-24
10 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kula Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
11 Solanum pseudocapsicum Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Rd about 3.6mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy, into the first section of Kipuka Ki. Plant was ca. 30m into forest at rt of rd. (Plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 193 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
12 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kawela, Kamakou Preserve, Kakakawawai Spring Gulch Growing in stream bed with Athyrium, Sadleria, and Viola robusta. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft. tall. Basal diameter 1 inch. Flowers white with yellow anthers. Anderson, S.J. 515 Molokai BISH 1982-05-21
13 Solanum pseudocapsicum East Maui, below Olinda Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 488 Maui BISH 1918-04-24
14 Solanum pseudocapsicum Drive to Kipuka Puaulu about 1.5 mi up Mauna Loa Strip Rd. from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy. ~ 1/2 way around Nature Trail on side trail leading to the Big Koa tree (plot 62) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia community Preserved_Specimen shrub ~3', white flowers with gold stigmas Newell, C.L. 1036 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-28
15 Solanum pseudocapsicum Moana Loa Strip Rd. ~3.6 mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy., into 1st section of Kipuka Ki. 30 m into forest at right of road (plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 195 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
16 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kau District, Kapapala, Peter Lee Road, 1 mi NE of Halfway House grassy gulch Preserved_Specimen fr. red St.John, H. 22437 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-27
17 Solanum pseudocapsicum At beginning of Mauna Loa scenic strip road partly shady Preserved_Specimen small shrub. ~1.5 m; flowers with white corolla Herat, T. 605 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-19
18 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kau Distrrict. Along hwy 11, across road from foot prints trail forest, at edge of aa lava flow Preserved_Specimen Herb ~1 m high; flowers white Herat, T. 685 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-20
19 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kalaupapa, upper Waihanau, upper Mokomoko gulch above Kapuna springs mixed mesic, native forest with Metrosideros polymorpha, Metrosideros waialealae, Alyxia oliviformis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Pittosporum argentifolium, Urera glabra, Psychotria, Antidesma platyphylla, Dicranopteris linearis, Charpentiera obovata, Dodonaea viscosa, Polygonum punctatum, Hedyotis coriacea, Kalanchoe pinnata, Erechtites valerianifolia, Rubus rosifolius Preserved_Specimen small branching shrub; bright red, pendant globose fruit, 2-3 cm dia. Wysong, M.L. 844 Molokai BISH 2005-12-08
20 Solanum pseudocapsicum Near Cooke's mountain house overlooking Waikolu Valley wet Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7373 Molokai BISH 1928-04-08
21 Solanum pseudocapsicum Gully near Puu Kanalopakanui, Waikii Paddock near Saddle rd, South Kohala District growing beneath mamane and pilo trees on side of gully. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3' tall, flower petals white. Fruit orange and globose. Cuddihy, L.W. 908 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-16
22 Solanum pseudocapsicum Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Rd about 3.6mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy, into the first section of Kipuka Ki. Plant was ca. 30m into forest at rt of rd. (Plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 196 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
23 Solanum pseudocapsicum Haleakala, below Olinda Edge of forest. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 646 Maui BISH 1918-04-29
24 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kilauea, Haw.Nat. Park, Bird Park open woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11270 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
25 Solanum pseudocapsicum Hawaii Volcanones National Park, Kipuka Ki, above Kilauea undergrowth in forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 44459 Hawaii BISH 1963-11-24
26 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuanahulu Ahupuaa, N slope of Mauna Loa and E of Hualalai, N from W edge of Pohakuloa Training Area in Puuanahulu. Transect 44, Station 24. Dry native shrub community with scattered ohia and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1019 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-25
27 Solanum pseudocapsicum Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Rd about 3.6mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy, into the first section of Kipuka Ki. Plant was ca. 30m into forest at rt of rd. (Plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 194 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
28 Solanum pseudocapsicum Aiea, 98-851 Iliee St., residence of William and Peggy Jones potted in partial shade Preserved_Specimen shrub 20 cm tall with a single trunk. Petals cream Lau, J. 2058 Oahu BISH 1986-02-24
29 Solanum pseudocapsicum Mauna Kea (Puu Manao) In Mamane-Naio forest. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 3 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-19
30 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuwaawaa; at base of cliffs below Puu Huluhulu In disturbed pasture land. Preserved_Specimen Shrub w/red fruit. Herbst, D.R. 5294 Hawaii BISH 1975-05-02
31 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kawela, Kamakou Preserve, Kakakawawai Spring Gulch Growing in stream bed with Athyrium, Sadleria, and Viola robusta. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft. tall. Basal diameter 1 inch. Flowers white with yellow anthers. Anderson, S.J. 515 Molokai BISH 1982-05-21
32 Solanum pseudocapsicum Hamakua District, Umikoa Ranch above Paauilo Kikuyu pasture and remnants of old growth koa montane wet forest. Growing on a koa scrap pile, 12+ plants, localized. Preserved_Specimen Uyehara, K.J. Hawaii BISH 2002-07-11
33 Solanum pseudocapsicum Ulupalakua Ranch, land of Keauhou S of Puu Io in shaded site under Eucalyptus Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5663 Maui BISH 1986-07-12
34 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puna, H.N.P. Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen shrub Stone, B.C. 3075 Hawaii BISH 1959-08-08
35 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuwaawaa cone, on transect T9, weedy understory of ohia-koa forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5833 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
36 Solanum pseudocapsicum Pohakuloa Military Reservation scattered myoporum on lava field Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5151 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-05
37 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kauluwai, gulches below Cookes Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6200 Molokai BISH 1910-03-26
38 Solanum pseudocapsicum East Maui, Makawao District, Makawao F.R. Dry montane forest UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Maui HAPI 1/20/1998
39 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kauluwai, gulches below Cookes Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6200 Molokai BISH 1910-03-26
40 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kawela, Kamakou Preserve, Kakakawawai Spring Gulch Growing on trail in mesic forest UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International H. Oppenheimer Molokai HAPI 10/15/2000
41 Solanum pseudocapsicum Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1091 Oahu BISH 1909-02-05
42 Solanum pseudocapsicum unknown Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. BISH 1934-06-01
43 Solanum pseudocapsicum East Maui, Makawao Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 862 Maui BISH 1909-08-01
44 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuwaawaa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 60 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-08
45 Solanum pseudocapsicum North, Puuwaawaa; along Puuwaawaa pipe line, between water tanks 1-3 Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. 111.5 Hawaii BISH 1946-07-24
46 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kula Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
47 Solanum pseudocapsicum Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Rd about 3.6mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy, into the first section of Kipuka Ki. Plant was ca. 30m into forest at rt of rd. (Plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 193 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
48 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kawela, Kamakou Preserve, Kakakawawai Spring Gulch Growing in stream bed with Athyrium, Sadleria, and Viola robusta. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft. tall. Basal diameter 1 inch. Flowers white with yellow anthers. Anderson, S.J. 515 Molokai BISH 1982-05-21
49 Solanum pseudocapsicum East Maui, below Olinda Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 488 Maui BISH 1918-04-24
50 Solanum pseudocapsicum Drive to Kipuka Puaulu about 1.5 mi up Mauna Loa Strip Rd. from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy. ~ 1/2 way around Nature Trail on side trail leading to the Big Koa tree (plot 62) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia community Preserved_Specimen shrub ~3', white flowers with gold stigmas Newell, C.L. 1036 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-28
51 Solanum pseudocapsicum Moana Loa Strip Rd. ~3.6 mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy., into 1st section of Kipuka Ki. 30 m into forest at right of road (plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 195 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
52 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kau District, Kapapala, Peter Lee Road, 1 mi NE of Halfway House grassy gulch Preserved_Specimen fr. red St.John, H. 22437 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-27
53 Solanum pseudocapsicum At beginning of Mauna Loa scenic strip road partly shady Preserved_Specimen small shrub. ~1.5 m; flowers with white corolla Herat, T. 605 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-19
54 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kau Distrrict. Along hwy 11, across road from foot prints trail forest, at edge of aa lava flow Preserved_Specimen Herb ~1 m high; flowers white Herat, T. 685 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-20
55 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kalaupapa, upper Waihanau, upper Mokomoko gulch above Kapuna springs mixed mesic, native forest with Metrosideros polymorpha, Metrosideros waialealae, Alyxia oliviformis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Pittosporum argentifolium, Urera glabra, Psychotria, Antidesma platyphylla, Dicranopteris linearis, Charpentiera obovata, Dodonaea viscosa, Polygonum punctatum, Hedyotis coriacea, Kalanchoe pinnata, Erechtites valerianifolia, Rubus rosifolius Preserved_Specimen small branching shrub; bright red, pendant globose fruit, 2-3 cm dia. Wysong, M.L. 844 Molokai BISH 2005-12-08
56 Solanum pseudocapsicum Near Cooke's mountain house overlooking Waikolu Valley wet Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7373 Molokai BISH 1928-04-08
57 Solanum pseudocapsicum Gully near Puu Kanalopakanui, Waikii Paddock near Saddle rd, South Kohala District growing beneath mamane and pilo trees on side of gully. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3' tall, flower petals white. Fruit orange and globose. Cuddihy, L.W. 908 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-16
58 Solanum pseudocapsicum Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Rd about 3.6mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy, into the first section of Kipuka Ki. Plant was ca. 30m into forest at rt of rd. (Plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 196 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
59 Solanum pseudocapsicum Haleakala, below Olinda Edge of forest. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 646 Maui BISH 1918-04-29
60 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kilauea, Haw.Nat. Park, Bird Park open woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11270 Hawaii BISH 1931-12-22
61 Solanum pseudocapsicum Hawaii Volcanones National Park, Kipuka Ki, above Kilauea undergrowth in forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 44459 Hawaii BISH 1963-11-24
62 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuanahulu Ahupuaa, N slope of Mauna Loa and E of Hualalai, N from W edge of Pohakuloa Training Area in Puuanahulu. Transect 44, Station 24. Dry native shrub community with scattered ohia and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1019 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-25
63 Solanum pseudocapsicum Located on the Mauna Loa Strip Rd about 3.6mi from intersection with Kona-Hilo Hwy, into the first section of Kipuka Ki. Plant was ca. 30m into forest at rt of rd. (Plot 39) Acacia-Sapindus-Microlepia forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 3 ft ht. Newell, C.L. 194 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-28
64 Solanum pseudocapsicum Aiea, 98-851 Iliee St., residence of William and Peggy Jones potted in partial shade Preserved_Specimen shrub 20 cm tall with a single trunk. Petals cream Lau, J. 2058 Oahu BISH 1986-02-24
65 Solanum pseudocapsicum Mauna Kea (Puu Manao) In Mamane-Naio forest. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 3 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-19
66 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuwaawaa; at base of cliffs below Puu Huluhulu In disturbed pasture land. Preserved_Specimen Shrub w/red fruit. Herbst, D.R. 5294 Hawaii BISH 1975-05-02
67 Solanum pseudocapsicum Kawela, Kamakou Preserve, Kakakawawai Spring Gulch Growing in stream bed with Athyrium, Sadleria, and Viola robusta. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft. tall. Basal diameter 1 inch. Flowers white with yellow anthers. Anderson, S.J. 515 Molokai BISH 1982-05-21
68 Solanum pseudocapsicum Hamakua District, Umikoa Ranch above Paauilo Kikuyu pasture and remnants of old growth koa montane wet forest. Growing on a koa scrap pile, 12+ plants, localized. Preserved_Specimen Uyehara, K.J. Hawaii BISH 2002-07-11
69 Solanum pseudocapsicum Ulupalakua Ranch, land of Keauhou S of Puu Io in shaded site under Eucalyptus Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5663 Maui BISH 1986-07-12
70 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puna, H.N.P. Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen shrub Stone, B.C. 3075 Hawaii BISH 1959-08-08
71 Solanum pseudocapsicum Puuwaawaa cone, on transect T9, weedy understory of ohia-koa forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 5833 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
72 Solanum pseudocapsicum Pohakuloa Military Reservation scattered myoporum on lava field Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5151 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-05
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